DIAGNOSTIC TEST to undego when you are sick

1. PPD test

• read result 48 - 72 hrs after injection
• for HIV positive clients, induration of 5mm is considered positive
• 10mm above is considered positive

2. Broncography

• secure consent
• check for allergies to seafood or iodine or anesthesia
• NPO 6-8 hrs before the test
• NPO until gag reflex return to prevent aspiration

3. Thoracentesis - aspiration of fluid in the pleural space

• 2nd - 3rd rib (for air)
• 8th - 9th rib ( for fluid)
  
• secure consent, take VS
• position upright leaning o overbed table
• avoid cough during insertion to prevent pleural perforation
• turn to unaffected side after the procedure to prevent leakage of fluid in the thoracic cavity
• check for expectoration of blood. This indicate trauma and should be reported to MD immediately

4. Holter Monitor

• it is continuous ECG monitoring over 24 hrs period
• the portable monitoring is called telemetry unit

5. Echocardiogram

• ultrasound to assess cardiac structure and mobility
• client should remain still, in supine position slightly turn to the left side, with HOB elevated 15-20 degrees

6. Electrocardiography (ECG)

• if the patient's skin is oily. scaly, or diaphoretic, rub the electrode with a dry 4x4 gauze to enhance electrode contact
• if the area is excessively hairy, clip it
• remove client's jewelry, coins, belt, or any metal
• tell client to remain still during the procedure

7. Cardiac Catheterization

• secure consent
• assess allergy to iodine, shellfish
• VS, weight for baseline data
• have client void before the procedure
• monitor PT, PTT, ECG prior to test
• NPO for 4-6 hrs before the test
• shave the groin or brachial area
• after the procedure: bedrest to prevent bleeding on the site, do not flex extremity
• elevate the affected extremities on extended position to promote blood supply back to the heart and prevent thromboplebitis
• monitor VS especially peripheral pulses
• apply pressure dressing over the punctured site
• monitor extremity for color, temp, tingling to assess for impaired circulation

8. MRI

• secure consent
• the procedure will last 45 - 60 min
• assess client for claustrophobia
  
• remove all metal items
• client should remain still
• tell client that he will feel nothing but may hear noises
• client with pacemaker, prosthetic valves implanted clips, wires are not eligible for MRI
• client with cardiac and respiratory complication may be excluded
• instruct client on feeling of warmth or shortness of breath if contrast medium is used during the procedure

9. UGIS - Barium Swallow

• instruct client on low residue diet 1-3 days before the procedure
• administer laxative evening before the procedure
• NPO after midnight
• instruct client to drink a cup of flavored barium x-rays are taken every 30 min until barium advances through the small bowel
  
• film can be taken as long as 24 hrs later
• force fluid after the test to prevent constipation/barium impaction

10. LGIS - Barium Enema

• instruct client on low residue diet 1 - 3 days before the procedure
• administer laxative evening before the procedure
• x-ray can be taken 24 hrs
• NPO after midnight
• administer suppository in AM
• enema until clear
• force fluid after the test to prevent constipation
  

11. Liver Biopsy

• 6th - 7th rib - location for insertion
• secure consent
• NPO 2-4 hrs before the test
• monitor PT, Vit K at bedside
• place the client in supine at the right side of the bed
• instruct client to inhale and exhale deeply for several times and then exhale and hold breath while the MD insert the needle
• right lateral post procedure for 4 hrs to apply pressure and prevent bleeding
• bedrest for 24 hrs
• observe for signs of peritonitis

12. Paracentesis - for ascites

• secure consent, check VS
• let the patient void before the procedure to prevent puncture of the bladder
• check for serum protein. Excessive loss of plasma protein may lead to hypervolemic shock

Lumbar puncture

• obtain consent
• instruct client to empty the bladder and bowel
• position the client in lateral recumbent with back at the edge of the examining table
• instruct the client to remain still
• obtain the specimen per MD's order

Relates Posts:

• Nursing Procedures
  
• Laboratory Examination
• Barium Enema and Barium Swallow
• Chest X-ray, Cardiac and Urinary Catheterization
• CT Scan, CVP and Cytoscopy
• Electrocardiogram and Electroencephalogram
• FBS, Gastric Analysis, IVP and KUB
• Abdominal Assessment and Arterial Blood Gas Analysis
• Liver Biopsy and Lumbar Puncture
• Mammography, Mantoux and MRI
• Paracentesis and Rinne's Test
• Schilling, Sputum and Stool Analysis
• Thoracentesis and Tonometry
• Urinalysis, Weber and X-ray

Enter your email address:

Delivered by FeedBurner