An abdominal mass is a localized swelling in one abdominal quadrant. Typically, this sign develops insidiously and may represent an enlarged organ, neoplasm, an abscess, a vascular defect, or a fecal mass.
Distinguishing an abdominal mass from normal structure requires skillful palpation. At times, palpation must be repeated with the patient in different position or performed by a second examiner to verify initial findings. A palpable abdominal mass is an important clinical sign and usually represents a serious and perhaps life-threatening disorder.
Action Stat!
If the patient has pulsating midabdominal mass and severe abdominal or back pain, suspect an aortic aneurysm. Quickly take his vital signs. Because the patient may require emergency surgery, withhold food or fluids until he's examined. Prepare to administer oxygen and to start I.V. infusion for fluid and blood replacement. Obtain routine preoperative tests, and prepare the patient for computed tomography scan. Frequently monitor vital signs and urine output.
Be alert for signs of shock, such as altered mental status, tachycardia, hypotension, cool and clammy skin which may indicate blood loss.
Medical Causes of Abdominal Mass
- Abdominal Aortic Aneursym
- Cholecystitis
- Colon Cancer
- Chrohn's disease
- Diverticulitis
- Gastric Cancer
- Hepatomegaly
- Hernia
- Hydronephrosis
- Ovarian Cyst
- Splenomegaly
- Uterine leiomyomas (fibroids)
- Offer emotional support to the patient and his family as they await the results of diagnostic testing
- Position the patient comfortably, and administer drugs for pain or anxiety as ordered
- If an abdominal mass causes bowel obstruction, watch for indications of peritonitis - abdominal pain and rebound tenderness - and for sign of shock, such as tachycardia and hypotension.
- Prepare patient for surgery, if indicated
- Explain diagnostic test that are needed
- Teach the patient about the cause of abdominal mass, once a diagnosis is made. Also explain treatment and potential outcomes.
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