- the termination of pregnancy before fetus is viable
- fetus is "viable" - defined as fetus of 20 weeks AOG, weighing below 350 gram
- abortion may be elective (planned, medical termination of pregnancy) or reproductive problem
Predisposing/precipitating factors of Abortion are:
1. Chromosomal defect
2. Teratogenic factor
3. Immunologic (anti-phospolipid antibody)
4. Faulty placental development
5. Infection
6. Hyperemesis
7. Trauma
8. Severe stress
9. Disease
10. Incompetent cervical os
Types of Abortion
1. Spontaneous - pregnancy ends of natural cause
2. Induced - therapeutic or elective reasons for terminating pregnancy
3. Inevitable - threatened loss that cannot be prevented
- save and count pads
- monitor hemorrhage
- emotional support
- D & C
- oxytocin
- IV/Blood transfusion
- observe
- may be given oxytocin
- D & C
- monitor for infection
- DIC (disseminated intravascular coagulation)
- cerclage (encircling the cervix with suture)
- shirodkar and McDonald technique
9. Threatened - bleeding, cramping and softening of uterus with CLOSED CERVIX
- bedrest
- no intercourse
- monitor bleeding
Manifestations of Abortion
Types of Abortion - Abdominal Pain - Vaginal Bleeding - Others
- Threatened ------ Mild ------------ Mild ---------- Closed Cervix
- Inevitable ------Mild to moderate - moderate ----- open cervix
- Complete ------ minimal --------- complete -- passage of fetus and placenta
- Incomplete ---- severe ----------- severe --------- open cervix
- Missed -------- mild to moderate - spotting ----- no uterine contraction
- Septic --------- severe --------- mild to severe -- fever, foul vaginal discharge
- Habitual ------ mild to moderate --intermittent; fetal discharge
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