Forceps Delivery
- Two double-crossed spoon like articulated blades are used to assist in delivery of fetal head.
- Prerequisites are fully dilated cervix, engaged head, vertex or face presentation, absence of CPD, empty bladder and bowel.
Types of Forceps Delivery
1. High forceps - biparietal dimension of vertex above ischial spine
2. Midforceps - vertex at ischial tuberosities
3. Low forceps - vertex distending introitus, use to control and guide head easiest to deliver
Complications of Forceps Delivery
- perineal lacerations
- damage to facial nerve of fetus
- fetal death
- postpartal hemorrhage
- cystocele
- rectocele
- uterine prolapse
Nursing Implications for Forceps Delivery is closely monitoring both fetus and mother during delivery with continual assessment.
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