High Risk Factors during Pregnancy

High Risk Factors during Pregnancy

The life of woman and fetus has significantly increased risk of disability or death. The importance of early detection: Better maternal-fetal neonatal outcome when the factors contributing to risky pregnancy are identified and intervened.
Maternal mortality rate is 1 per 1,000 live births.

Generally, these are:

1. abnormal fetal position or presentation
2. age 35 years, or younger than age 15 years
3. bleeding during pregnancy
4. drug or alcohol dependent
5. hydramnios
6. hypertension of pregnancy
7. infection in mother
8. maternal illness
9. past history of difficult delivery
10. post cesarean birth
11. potential for blood incompatibility

Medical history and current problems include:

1. obstetrical history, current status
2. psychosocial risks, maternal behaviors, and adverse lifestyle
3. smoking
4. caffeine: 3 or more cups of coffee
5. alcohol: no safe dose
6. drugs
7. abuse and violence
8. psychologic status: intrapsychic disturbance, family dissolution/disruption, stress
9. working more than 10 hours, heavy lifting, standing for more than 4 hours

Socio-demographic risks are:

1. low income
2. lack of prenatal care
3. age-height less than 145 cm (4'9")
4. parity >5
5. marital status
6. residence
7. ethnicity

Environmental risks are:

1. infection: viral, bacterial, fungal, protozoan
2. radiation
3. chemicals
4. physical: extreme heat >38.9C, noise, vibration, atmospheric pressure

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